In 1992, mountains were recognized for the first time as major ecosystems important at the global scale. The introduction of Chapter 13 on fragile mountain ecosystems into Agenda 21 brought high-level political attention to mountains that contrasted with their usual marginalization. Twenty years later mountains matter more than ever but they are still treated as marginal. However, globalization and climate change have shown many political and economic leaders and humankind in general that mountains are crucial in providing ecosystem goods and services.
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